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Land ecology policy
U.S. environmental policy
Endangered species policy
State endangered species
Federal land policy
Environmental terms
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Endangered species policy in Kansas involves the identification and protection of endangered and threatened brute and found species. Policies are implemented and enforced by both the land and federal governments.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • As of July 2016, Kansas was home 18 species—9 endangered species and nine threatened species—listed under the federal Endangered Species Deed (ESA).

  • Of these, 16 were beast species and 2 were plant species.

    • Meet the tabs below for farther data:

    1. Background: This tab provides contextual information about the Endangered Species Human action and key terms and concepts.
    2. Listed species: This tab provides information about endangered and threatened animal and plant species in Kansas; information about the process of listing a species as endangered or threatened is also provided.
    3. Provisions: This tab provides information near legal provisions relating to private and governmental activities.
    4. Governance: This tab provides information about federal and state agencies and, where applicable, state laws.

    Groundwork

    Overview

    See also: History of the Endangered Species Human activity

    The federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 provides for the identification, listing, and protection of both threatened and endangered species and their habitats. According to the U.South. Fish and Wildlife Service, the police force was designed to forestall the extinction of vulnerable plant and animal species through the evolution of recovery plans and the protection of disquisitional habitats. ESA assistants and enforcement are the responsibility of the U.Due south. Fish and Wild fauna Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service.[1] [2]

    The constabulary authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to allocate funds to states for profitable in the recovery of threatened and endangered species. The police force also created the Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund to award grants to states for voluntary projects on non-federal lands.

    The law mandates that states adopt their own endangered and threatened species management programs subject to approval by the federal government. The law requires states to exercise the following:[3] [4] [three]

    1. Conserve the species of fish or wildlife determined by the state or federal regime to be endangered or threatened
    2. Create conservation programs for all species of fish or wild fauna identified by the federal government as endangered or threatened and provide detailed plans for these programs to the U.S. Section of Commerce
    3. Be authorized by the U.Southward. Fish and Wildlife Service to deport investigations to determine the status and requirements for survival of resident species of fish and wildlife
    4. Exist authorized before establishing programs to learn land or aquatic habitats for conserving endangered or threatened species

    Key federal ESA terms

    Encounter also: Glossary of Endangered Species Act terms
    • Candidate species: Animal and plant species for which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) or the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has sufficient information to propose them as endangered or threatened, simply for which a proposed list has non been candy because of college priority listings.
    • Disquisitional habitat: Specific geographic areas, whether occupied by listed species or not, that are determined to be essential for the conservation and management of listed species.[five]
    • Delisting: The procedure of removing an beast or plant species from the threatened or endangered species list upon a decision that threats confronting it have been sufficiently reduced or eliminated.[vi]
    • Endangered species: The classification provided to an animal or plant in danger of extinction within the foreseeable futurity throughout all or a significant portion of its range.[7]
    • Listed species: Species, subspecies, or a distinct vertebrate population segment that has been added to the federal lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants.[8]
    • Range: The geographic area a species is known or anticipated to occupy.[9]
    • Species recovery: The elimination or reduction in threats to an animal or plant species' survival. Once a species has recovered, information technology is removed from the federal listing of endangered species.[ten]
    • Taking a species: Taking a species mostly includes causing whatever harm to a federally protected creature or plant species. Any private that knowingly takes a listed species tin be fined up to $25,000 by the federal government for each violation or instance. The text of the law outlining federal penalties can exist accessed here.[11]
    • Threatened species: Any species which is probable to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

    Listed species

    Federally listed species in Kansas

    There were 18 endangered and threatened brute and institute species believed to or known to occur in Kansas as of July 2016.[12]

    The table beneath lists the 16 endangered and threatened brute species believed to or known to occur in the state. The word "entire" afterwards a name indicates that the species occurs throughout the state.

    Endangered animal species in Kansas
    Status Species
    Endangered Bat, gray Unabridged (Myotis grisescens)
    Endangered Beetle, American burying Entire (Nicrophorus americanus)
    Endangered Crane, whooping except where EXPN (Grus americana)
    Endangered Ferret, black-footed entire population, except where EXPN (Mustela nigripes)
    Endangered Mucket, Neosho (Lampsilis rafinesqueana)
    Endangered Shiner, Topeka Entire (Notropis topeka (=tristis))
    Endangered Spectaclecase (mussel) (Cumberlandia monodonta)
    Endangered Sturgeon, pallid Entire (Scaphirhynchus albus)
    Endangered Tern, least interior popular. (Sterna antillarum)
    Threatened Bat, Northern long-eared (Myotis septentrionalis)
    Threatened Knot, reddish (Calidris canutus rufa)
    Threatened Madtom, Neosho Entire (Noturus placidus)
    Threatened Plover, piping except Great Lakes watershed (Charadrius melodus)
    Threatened Prairie-chicken, bottom (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus)
    Threatened Rabbitsfoot (Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica)
    Threatened Shiner, Arkansas River Arkansas R. Basin (Notropis girardi)
    Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Listed species believed to or known to occur in Kansas"

    The table below lists the two threatened found species believed to or known to occur in the land.[xiii]

    Endangered found species in Kansas
    Status Species
    Threatened Milkweed, Mead's (Asclepias meadii)
    Threatened Orchid, western prairie fringed (Platanthera praeclara)
    Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Listed species believed to or known to occur in Kansas"

    The U.s. independent 2,389 species protected under the Endangered Species Act as of July 2016 (this includes the 50 states just not U.S. territories). The map below displays the number of species protected under the Endangered Species Act in each state as of July 2016.[14]

    Number of species protected under the Endangered Species Human action by state (as of July 2016)

    Land-listed species in Kansas

    The Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism manages a state-specific list of endangered and threatened species. A complete list of the country's listed species can be accessed here.

    Listing a species

    Before a species is added to the federal threatened and endangered listing, information technology is kickoff placed on a list of candidate species. This placement happens in two ways. The public may petition to listing a species, or biologists at the U.South. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) may study a species whose population is thought to exist declining and make up one's mind themselves whether the species qualifies as a candidate. The police force stipulates that FWS scientists must employ accurate scientific information collected from several sources to back their candidate decisions.

    The U.S. Fish and Wild fauna Service applies 5 criteria to label a species as endangered or threatened:

    "
    • the present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of its habitat or range;
    • overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes;
    • disease or predation;
    • the inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms;
    • other natural or manmade factors affecting its survival.[15]
    		"
    —U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service[4]

    If one or more than of these criteria are met, the agency can brainstorm action to protect the species and its habitat.

    Petitioning to listing a species

    Encounter too: Listing petition

    The California condor has been on the U.Due south. Fish and Wildlife Service's list of endangered species since 1967.

    Any citizen or group may petition the federal government to list a species equally endangered or threatened. The process occurs equally follows:[sixteen] [17]

    1. Petitioners submit information on the biology, distribution, and threats to a species. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Assistants (NOAA) Fisheries Office generally must respond to a petition inside 90 days.
    2. Within one year of receiving the petition, the agencies must publish a finding on whether list a particular species is warranted.
    3. If the agencies do not meet these timelines, citizens and groups are permitted under the Endangered Species Act to sue the agencies to enforce the timelines so that the species receives federal protection.
    4. When a species is listed, the government is required to review its condition every five years.

    Delisting a species

    Run into also: Delisting a species

    The gray whale, which migrates south off the California coast, was removed from the federal endangered species list in 1994 due to recovery.

    Delisting is the process of removing the endangered or threatened condition of species. Downlisting is a reclassification of status by the U.S. Fish and Wild fauna Service or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from endangered to threatened. When the service delists or downlists a species, this by and large means that the recovery or conservation of a species has been successful. To delist a species, the agencies must determine that the species is not threatened based on population size, stability of habitat quality and quantity, and control or elimination of threats to the species. Species are also delisted if they become extinct.[18] [19] [20]

    Every bit of July 2016, 63 endangered or threatened species had been delisted. Of those species, 34 were delisted due to recovery, xix species were listed in mistake (for scientific reasons or because new information well-nigh a species was discovered), and 10 species went extinct.[xviii]

    Provisions

    See likewise: Private holding and the Endangered Species Act

    Taking a species

    The Endangered Species Act makes the taking of an brute on the endangered or threatened species list illegal. According to the deed, to take is to "harass, harm, pursue, chase, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect or endeavor to engage in whatever such conduct." The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service farther defines harm to mean "an act which really kills or injures wild animals." According to the act, harassment of a species is defined as "an intentional or negligent act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury to wildlife by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavioral patterns which include, but are non limited to, breeding, feeding, or sheltering." State governments may apply further restrictions on the taking of an endangered or threatened species. Any individual that knowingly takes a listed species can be fined upward to $25,000 by the federal government for each violation. The text of the law outlining federal penalties can exist accessed here.[4] [21] [22] [23]

    Federal law prohibits individuals from engaging in interstate or foreign commerce with a federally protected plant species. Federal police force too prohibits taking (e.g., moving, dissentious or destroying) a protected found on federal property. However, individuals may take, move, harm, or destroy a federally protected plant on private land, unless a state police prohibits such activity.[24]

    Individual activities requiring permits

    In addition to taking a species, delivering, receiving, selling, purchasing, or transporting a threatened or endangered animate being species is prohibited without a let, whether the species is live or dead. Permits are also required for private or group activities that involve interfering with a species' habitat. Individuals engaging in activities that might event in the taking of a protected species must abide past a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP), which includes information on how to mitigate or minimize whatever impacts to the species or its habitat.[25]

    Regional offices of the U.South. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) result incidental have permits. An incidental take permit is required if an activity may result in the taking of a threatened or endangered species. Those who employ for this permit must submit a habitat conservation plan to the proper federal or state authorization ensuring that the effects of taking the species volition be minimized and mitigated.

    According to the U.Southward. Fish and Wild animals Service, almost half of all federally protected threatened and endangered species take at least 80 percent of their habitats on individual country. This means that private landowners, which include individual citizens, businesses, and organizations, must cooperate with federal agencies to conserve listed species.[26]

    Private parties may be required to work with the Fish and Wild fauna Service in the following ways:

    • Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) are implemented by non-federal groups (state governments, private individuals, and groups) in consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service. The plans are required in order to obtain incidental take permits. Habitat Conservation Plans contain data on the predicted effects of taking a species, how these effects will be minimized or mitigated, and how the plan will exist funded. Meanwhile, the U.Due south. Fish and Wild animals Service attempts to assure belongings owners that they volition not confront additional state restrictions beyond those outlined in their Habitat Conservation Plans. The plans can be applied to listed species, candidate species, species proposed for listing, and not-listed species (commonly for the purpose of preventing future listing).[27]
    • Candidate Conservation Agreements are made past the Fish and Wild fauna Service with non-federal property owners to provide incentives for conserving candidate species so that they are not listed equally endangered or threatened.[28]

    Affected governmental activities

    Federal law requires conservation programs for all listed endangered and threatened species and their habitats. This requirement can affect all federal agencies.

    • Consultations are partnerships betwixt the Fish and Wildlife Service and federal agencies. Federal police force requires all federal agencies to participate in conserving listed species, stipulating that agency activities must not be "likely to jeopardize the continued existence of listed species or adversely modify designated critical habitats." Consultations can involve recovering the habitats of listed species, addressing threats to listed species from federal programs or deportment, and coordinating projects and resource between federal agencies. Examples of federal activities that require crave consultations include oil and natural gas drilling on federal state, offshore drilling in areas owned by the federal authorities, and oil and gas activities affecting wetlands or other waters of the United States.[29] [30]
    • Recovery is a process to halt the decline of endangered or threatened populations past removing or reducing threats. In its recovery efforts, the Fish and Wild animals Service collaborates with federal, country, and local agencies, as well as conservation groups, businesses, private individuals, and volunteers. Co-ordinate to the Fish and Wildlife Service, recovery plans are implemented "to stabilize, recover, and ultimately delist" threatened and endangered species.[31]

    Governance

    Federal and country agencies

    • The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is a federal bureau responsible for the Endangered Species Human action. The agency recovers and conserves endangered or threatened species. The agency too classifies endangered or threatened species. The agency's enacted budget for fiscal yr 2014 totaled $2.79 billion.[32] [33]
    • The Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism oversees the state's fish and wildlife resources, including endangered species. It is responsible for permitting any proposed activities (east.g, road improvements or construction) that may impact a listed species.[34]

    Land laws

    • The Kansas Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Act was passed in 1975. The law authorized the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism to identify species for the land's list and to implement conservation measures for listed species. The department was authorized to crave permits for individuals whose deportment may negatively touch any endangered or threatened species.[35]

    Recent news

    The link beneath is to the most contempo stories in a Google news search for the terms Kansas endangered species. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

    See also

    • Environmental policy in Kansas
    • Endangered Species Act
    • Implementation of the Endangered Species Human activity
    • U.Due south. Fish and Wildlife Service
    • Endangered species

    External links

    • Text of the Endangered Species Human action
    • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service website
    • U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Service
    • Kansas Department of Wild animals, Parks, and Tourism

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Improving ESA Implementation," accessed May 15, 2015
    2. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "ESA Overview," accessed October 1, 2014
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.one Cornell University Law School, "16 U.S. Lawmaking, Section 1535 (Endangered Species Act)," accessed September 26, 2014
    4. ↑ 4.0 four.1 4.2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "ESA Basics," accessed September 26, 2014
    5. ↑ U.Due south. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Candidate Species: Section iv of the Endangered Species Human activity," accessed November 1, 2015
    6. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Delisting a Species - Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act," accessed August 27, 2015
    7. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wild animals Service, "Glossary," accessed November 17, 2014
    8. ↑ U.South. Fish and Wild animals Service, "Summary of Listed Species Listed Populations and Recovery Plans," accessed December i, 2015
    9. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Glossary," accessed September 5, 2017
    10. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Recovery," accessed October xiii, 2015
    11. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Endangered Species Human activity - Section 3," accessed October 7, 2015
    12. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wild animals Service, "Endangered and threatened species in Kansas," accessed July half dozen, 2016
    13. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wild fauna Service, "Endangered and threatened species in Kansas," accessed July 6, 2016
    14. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Species listed in each state based on published historic range and population data," accessed May xxx, 2016
    15. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    16. ↑ U.S. Government Printing Function, "U.S. 16 §1533. Conclusion of endangered species and threatened species (under the Endangered Species Act," accessed Apr 1, 2015
    17. ↑ Globe Justice, "Citizens' Guide to the Endangered Species Act," accessed April seven, 2015
    18. ↑ 18.0 xviii.1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Delisted Species Under the Endangered Species Deed (ESA)," accessed May 18, 2015
    19. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Section iv of the Endangered Species Act," accessed September 26, 2014
    20. ↑ Regional Perspectives in Marine Biology, "Recruitment in Coral Reef Fish Populations," accessed July 8, 2015
    21. ↑ U.Southward. Environmental Protection Bureau, " Endangered Species Human activity (ESA) Requirements for Construction Activities," accessed September 26, 2014
    22. ↑ National Wild animals Service, "Endangered Species Act," accessed January 29, 2015
    23. ↑ Lieberman & Belcher, "What Constitutes Harassment of an Endangered Species," March 17, 2015
    24. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "The Application of the Endangered Species Human action with Respect to Plants in Virginia," accessed July ii, 2015
    25. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wild animals Service, "Permits," accessed January 8, 2015
    26. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wild animals Service, "Our Endangered Species Program and How Information technology Works with Landowners," accessed July ane, 2015
    27. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Habitat Conservation Plans (Department x of the Endangered Species Act)," accessed July 7, 2015
    28. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Candidate Conservation Agreements Fact Sail," accessed July 8, 2015
    29. ↑ Houston Bar Clan, "The Endangered Species Human action and the Oil and Gas Industry," November xiii, 2013
    30. ↑ U.South. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Consultations with Federal Agencies (Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act)," accessed July 7, 2015
    31. ↑ U.Due south. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Endangered Species Recovery Program," accessed July vii, 2015
    32. ↑ U.S. Department of the Interior, "Financial Year 2015: The Interior Upkeep in Cursory," March 2014
    33. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Overview," accessed November 17, 2014
    34. ↑ Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism, "About KDWPT," accessed May 21, 2015
    35. ↑ Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism, "Threatened and Endangered Wildlife," accessed July 27, 2015

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